A specific mosaic of land and water ecosystems is an important center of biological diversity in Gornje Podunavlje. Swamp forests - forests, marshes and swamps are beautiful homes of deer and red oak. Water is the habitat of rare and endangered plant species such as Hippuris vulgaris, Hottonia palustris, Ranunculus lingua, white and yellow water lilies and Dactyorhiza incarnata. The wealth of biological diversity indicates a high degree of diversity of vegetation types, represented by 51 plant communities, with over 1,000 plant species. Gornje Podunavlje region represents a natural habitat of 55 different species of fish, 11 different species of amphibians, 9 species of reptiles, 230 species of birds and 51 species of mammals, as well as a huge number of invertebrates, including the fascinating fauna of butterflies with over 60 species. The highly valuable oak forests is widely renowned in Karapandža region, in the northern part of the forest estate, and its weight is estimated to be over 600 cubic meters per hectare and are among the best of its kind in the country. The oak is used for the production of genetically extremely valuable seeds. Over 30 animal species are located on the preliminary list of flora of Serbia as natural rarities. Animal species of special importance:

- White-tailed Eagle (Haliaetus albicilla) - is the largest bird predator in Central Europe and represents the species whose endangerment has taken on international proportions. Out of thirty pairs that inhabit Serbia and Vojvodina, the third nests in the area of ​Special Nature Reserve Gornje Podunavlje.
- Black Stork (Ciconia nigra) - is a species declared as a natural rarity in Serbia. In the area of ​the Special Reserve there are 20-25 breeding pairs, which represent a quarter of the total population in Serbia.
- Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) - is a species that died out in Serbia during the 20th century. In the last fifteen years there has been a progress in re-colonization and four colonies have returned to breed in this area.
- The colonies of herons (Ardea sp., Ardeola sp., Nycticorax sp., Egretta sp.) - According to the results of detailed mapping, which was conducted in 1999. it was noted that several permanent colonies of herons inhabit the Special Reserve.
- Wild ducks (Anas sp., Aythya sp.) and geese (Anser sp.) - are species that inhabit the area mainly in winter and during migration. During this period, more than tens of thousands of individuals are seen in the area.